Journal of planner and development
type: channel
description: Journal of planner and development A scientific journal specialized in urban and regional planning sciences, urban planning and structural plans for governorates and everything related to the spatial dimension of infrastructure, in addition to spatial analysis techniques from GIS and GPS and its relationship to mapping in a spatial analysis of economic, administrative, environmental and urban activities. The first issue was published in 1995 and is a quarterly
publisher: University of Baghdad
language: en
publication name: Journal of planner and development
issn: 1996-983X
items: The role of kinetic facades in achieving thermal comfort for buildings/administrative buildings as a case study
items: The role of interior design elements in enhancing privacy in the traditional Arab house (the traditional Mosul house as a model)
items: The Implementing of the urban upgrading policy in informal settlements included under Decision No. 320 of 2022
items: Economic Impacts of Heritage Paths Tourism )A Case Study of Heritage Paths in Old Al-Rusafa through the Nabdh Baghdad Project(
items: " Changes in the urban form of the city from the Abbasid era to the beginning of the twentieth century: a comparative study of the urban form (Baghdad as a model)
items: Spatial analysis of traffic in Hilla city
items: Change detection analysis of urban areas in Baghdad City using remote sensing and GIS
items: Urban Resilience as a Strategic Entry Point for Post-War Reconstruction of Heritage Cities: The Case of Al-Jami’a Neighborhood in Old Mosul
items: The urban landscape supporting psychological restoration A case study of the University of Baghdad-
items: The impact of decentralization in reducing the spatial development gap (Social Fund for Development projects) In Babylon Governorate
items: Housing deprivation: A Comparative Analytical Study
items: The impact of high-rise residential towers on urban structure
items: The role of groundwater in the development of human settlements in semi- desert areas (Ain Al-Tamr district as a case study)
items: Rural Development Experiences to Improve Rural Settlement in Iraq (1951-2024)
items: Application of Feng Shui Philosophy and Space Syntax Analysis to Improve the Quality of Urban Spaces A Case Study of Al-Ghazaliya Area in Baghdad
items: Extraction of Water Bodies Maps Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS Technique
items: The impact of the green belt in obstruction air pollutants in the holy city of Karbala
items: Humanizing Cities as a Tool to Enhance Community Participation
items: Digital-Computational Design in Architecture and Urban Design
items: Stages development and updating of the master plan for the city of Baghdad by adopting spatial techniques
items: Urban Strategic Planning issues in light of rapid growth and Fast Urbanization in Lebanon
items: The level of spatial justice in the distribution of social services for the Regional Development Program in Wasit province for the period (2011-2022)
items: Accuracy Evaluation of Land Cover Classification Maps Using Remote Sensing and GIS. The Sea of Najaf-Iraq as a Case Study
items: The effect of the spatial dimension on the creation of administrative units
items: استخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS في تحديد كفاءة التوزيع المكاني للخدمات التعليمية في مدينة الناصرية
items: قياس العدالة في التوزيع المكاني للاستثمارات التنموية لبرنامج تنمية الأقاليم في محافظة واسط
items: "An Analytical Study for Urban Gentrification on Local Urban Centers"
items: "تأثير استعمالات الأرض الحضرية في البنية الاجتماعية للمدن"" منطقة الدراسة: قضاء الصدر/2 في مدينة الصدر"
items: Evaluating the Spatial Distribution of The Green Area in Diwaniyah City by using geographic information systems (Case study: The Second District)
items: Acceptable and Unacceptable Growth of Industrial Agglomeration in Urban Environment. Baghdad as Case Study.

The role of kinetic facades in achieving thermal comfort for buildings/administrative buildings as a case study
type: item
description: Global climate change has contributed to increase number of studies investigating methods to mitigate the effects of climate change on cities in general and buildings in particular. Cities today suffer from numerous problems associated with this phenomenon, such as rising temperatures and desertification, especially in hot, arid regions, this is largely due to modern approaches in building design in general, and administrative buildings in particular, such as the construction of multi-story buildings and the use of glass facades, which exposes the inner spaces of the building to a significant thermal load. The problem addressed by this research is that most buildings suffer from thermal loads in their interior spaces and require rehabilitation to cope with climate change and rising temperatures. Therefore, the research hypothesis is that building facades are fundamental elements that shape a building's identity and play a crucial role in solar exposure and thermal loads. This research aims to adopt kinetic facades as a design and rehabilitation strategy for building facades most exposed to solar exposure, thereby reducing thermal loads, using administrative buildings as an example. Research Methodology: Kinetic facade techniques are among the most prominent modern methods for reducing the intensity of solar radiation on the building, and thus reducing thermal loads and energy consumption, especially in Iraq's hot climate. A multi-story administrative building (Ministry of Construction, Housing and Municipalities) with glass facades was adopted as a case study for application. Computer software will be used to analyze the building and design kinetic facades in a way that achieves an urban landscape within the context, leading to conclusions where the results showed the necessity of adopting these techniques in treating buildings with poor environmental performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: kinetic façade, retrofitting buildings, climate change, solar design, thermal loads.
  topic: keywords
creator: Shatha Saleem Almodhafar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 167
ending page: 183

The role of interior design elements in enhancing privacy in the traditional Arab house (the traditional Mosul house as a model)
type: item
description: The traditional house reflects significant social and cultural significance. It represents a reflection of Arab heritage and family values, highlighting the continuity of heritage in the face of natural challenges, as it is influenced by environmental, heritage, and social factors. As a result of adherence to Islamic principles and consideration of the local climate, customs, and traditions, private spaces are designed for families, with an emphasis on privacy for women, especially in traditional residential design. Residential units constitute the largest amount of the total construction production in the Arab city, and are considered one of the strong influences on the internal environmental data that contradict with the external environment of the house. Therefore, the current study aims to highlight the importance of the architectural elements in the traditional heritage house that affect privacy and distinguish it with a special identity represented by the use of architectural elements that are appropriate to the environmental and social requirements of Arab society. The research methodology relied on designing a special questionnaire and the study samples were residents of traditional houses in the old city of Mosul. The method of observation and formal analysis of selected samples was adopted to explore the design characteristics that enhance visual privacy. It was found that privacy is of great importance when residents choose their homes, followed by the residential region, then the residential area and type, and finally its spatial organization. The elements of the interior design of Mosul houses are affected by (92.5%) the value of privacy, which contributes to creating a unique residential environment and a distinctive architectural identity for the region. This is achieved by using architectural elements, the most prominent of which are (the indirect entrance, the mashrabiya, the iwan, the corridors, the private rooms, and the high roof curtain). A mult…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Privacy, Traditional House, Mosul Heritage House.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibtesam Ahmed Zeno
creator: Oday Qusay Abdulqader
creator: Raid Ismaeel Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 145
ending page: 166

The Implementing of the urban upgrading policy in informal settlements included under Decision No. 320 of 2022
type: item
description: Slums are considered one of the foremost problems that developing countries suffer from. We notice the expansion of the scope of this phenomenon and its repercussions in recent years in Iraq in general and in Baghdad in particular. The area of ​​encroachment for the year 2013 was (47.23 km2), while the area of ​​encroachment for the year 2022 became (81.72 km2), meaning that it has almost doubled. Therefore, it has become necessary to address this phenomenon and provide effective solutions to what exists on the ground and limit its spread. Among these solutions is the implementation of the upgrading policy, especially after the issuance of Cabinet Resolution No. 320 of 2022, which came to activate previous effective decisions issued regarding encroachment on government lands and Cabinet Resolution No. 286 of 2022 regarding the engineering and service effort team to introduce services to encroachment areas. The importance of the study and its objective is to study Resolution 320 of 2022 and clarify the criteria set by the Baghdad Municipality for its implementation and identify the slum areas covered by the resolution, with a study of the reality of the situation of District 775 (one of the nine slum areas chosen within The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach to reach the research goal, and the most important research tools are the program (Arc Gatalog 10.6), where a database was created for District 775 based on it, and the program (Arc Map 10.6), which was re-planned for District 775 based on it. The most important conclusions were when redesigning the district, it was found that it suffers from a significant shortage of services, so it needs an area of ​​(19,487 m2) as an area for educational use, (9,231 m2) for a health center, (3,535 m2) for shopping centers, and (13,257 m2) for parks. The study also reached a set of conclusions that contribute to upgrading the eight random areas that were chosen within Resolution 320, and a set of recommendation…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: informal settlements, urban upgrading Decision 320, Arc Map program, District 775.
  topic: keywords
creator: Saif Ahmed Abdullah
creator: Arej Khairy Othman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 122
ending page: 144

Economic Impacts of Heritage Paths Tourism )A Case Study of Heritage Paths in Old Al-Rusafa through the Nabdh Baghdad Project(
type: item
description: تمتلك بغداد إرثاً حضارياً وثقافياً غنياً، حيثُ كانت على مر التاريخ مركزاً للحضارة والعلم ومقصداً للزوار من شتى أنحاء العالم . إلا أن الحروب والصراعات التي شهدتها المنطقة في العقود الأخيرة أثَّرت سلباً في القطاع السياحي. يُعد تطوير المسارات التراثية في المركز التاريخي للمدينة خياراً واعداً لتنويع مصادر الدخل وتحقيق التنمية، تنبع مشكلة البحث من عدم وضوح أثر تطوير المسارات التراثية في تحفيز النشاط الاقتصادي المحلي وزيادة دخل المجتمعات المحلية. وقد أستند البحث على فرضية مفادها أن تطوير المسارات التراثية يؤدي الى تعزيز الاقتصاد المحلي وزيادة الدخل للمجتمعات المحلية. ويهدف البحث الى تحديد أثر المسارات التراثية في تحفيز النشاط الاقتصادي وزيادة دخل المجتمعات المحلية، ينعكس ذلك من خلال عدة مؤشرات مثل زيادة تدفق الزوار والإنفاق السياحي، وزيادة الاستثمارات، وخلق فرص العمل و تنمية المجتمعات المحلية، وقد اعتمد البحث على منهج عملي شمل المسح ميداني والمقابلات والاستبانات التي استهدفت الزوار وأصحاب المصلحة كل على حدة، وقد تم تحليل البينات باستعمالات مقياس ليكارت الثلاثي وبرنامج Excel مع توظيف أساليب التحليل الكمي الوصفي لاستخلاص النتائج. توصَّل البحث إلى أن تطوير المسارات التراثية لا يُعد مجرد وسيلة لحفظ التاريخ بل يمثل أيضاً مصدراً أقتصادياً مهماً قادراً على تحسين مستوى المعيشة وجودة الحياة للسكان، كما يُبرز أهمية تطوير البنية التحتية وتبني ممارسات تنموية ضمن مشروع تطوير المسارات التراثية للرصافة القديمة، ويُعد تحقيق النجاح في هذه الجهود مرهوناً تطبيق استراتيجيات تسويقية فعّالة وتعزيز التكامل بين القطاعين العام والخاص، مع مراعاة الحفاظ على الهوية الثقافية للمنطقة.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heritage Paths, Cultural Tourism, Old Rusafa, Nabdh Baghdad Project, economic development
  topic: keywords
creator: Noor Khalil Shaker
creator: Nadia Abdel Majed Alsalam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 97
ending page: 121

" Changes in the urban form of the city from the Abbasid era to the beginning of the twentieth century: a comparative study of the urban form (Baghdad as a model)
type: item
description: The research presents how various variables and factors interact and influence the urban form of the city over successive periods. Iraqi cities, like other cities, have witnessed numerous urban transformations due to the impact of several factors .One of the most prominent cities that embodied these changes is Baghdad, the current capital of Iraq, where the roots of its design and urban planning first emerged during the Abbasid period as a fortified circular city and a center of Islamic civilization, exemplifying power and authority. The city subsequently faced a series of challenges and changes in rulers that affected its structural composition, leading to new transformations in its architectural structure influenced by the modernity of the twentieth century. The research concludes that the change in urban form was not limited to the influence of a single factor but interacted among many factors, primarily environmental, economic, cultural, political, and religious, which contributed to shaping urban structures throughout these periods, reflecting communities and their capacity for growth and adaptation. In the circular Baghdad, political and religious factors were the most influential in the changes occurring at the urban form level, introducing new patterns that were previously unfamiliar. The city of Baghdad in the period of late Ottoman era until the beginning of the twentieth century it did not match the previously known design and planning foundations and The most influential factors are the economic and political factors. in the city and the introduction of new jobs and random expansion, which affected the privacy of the city .
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Change Urban form , City of Baghdad, General shape, Nodes, Paths, Urban growth, Urban adaptation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dhuha Hassan Nouman
creator: Shatha Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 69
ending page: 96

Spatial analysis of traffic in Hilla city
type: item
description: The increase in the population of Hillah city and the possibility of many of them owning a car has contributed to the increase in the number of cars day after day, and thus the increase in the rate of trips made by the city’s residents for various purposes that generate trips inside or outside the city, which has had a negative impact on the road and street network, as it has become unable to perform its function at the required level. The research aims to analyze traffic movement in Hilla city by measuring the density of transportation movement based on criteria such as street lengths, number of vehicles, and population. The research used statistical mathematical methods, field study, and traffic monitoring for vehicles and passengers to understand the current state of traffic movement on the street network in Hilla city during peak morning (7:00-8:00) and evening (2:00-3:00) hours, as well as classifying vehicle types and understanding street patterns. The research assumes that the current state of traffic movement does not match the capacity of the road network due to the high density of vehicle traffic on the network. The research used the quantitative approach to analyze daily traffic movement during peak morning and evening hours, as well as a field study that included traffic counting and analysis of vehicle traffic classification. The research found that the study area experiences a traffic surge that exceeds the designed capacity, with the morning peak hour traffic volume on 60th Street reaching 9692 vehicles per hour, exceeding the street's design capacity. The evening peak hour traffic volume reached 8596 vehicles per hour. Al-Ghadir Street ranked second in traffic congestion, with a volume of 8027 vehicles per hour. The traffic volume during the evening peak hour reached 6696.5 vehicles per hour. Baghdad Street ranked third, with a traffic volume of 7822 vehicles per hour during the morning peak hour and 7639 vehicles per hour. During off-peak days, 60th…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: vehicles, roads, Hilla city
  topic: keywords
creator: Somaia Maytham Jafaar
creator: Moheb Kamel Fleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 43
ending page: 68

Change detection analysis of urban areas in Baghdad City using remote sensing and GIS
type: item
description: Urban expansion has been identified as a causative factor for numerous environmental issues in urban areas, such as diminished air quality, elevated local temperatures, and poor water quality. This research aims to detect change in urban areas in Baghdad over a period of approximately 30 years, spanning from 1993 to 2023. The Landsat (TM5, ETM+7, and OLI8) images were used in this research. After performing image pre-processing, a supervised classification was used by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify the images into five land cover classes, namely urban areas, water bodies, vegetation, soil, and wetlands. The classifications' accuracy assessment for the years 1993, 2003, 2013, and 2023 were 89%, 91%, 92%, and 90%, respectively. The results indicate that there has been a notable increase in urban areas over the specified time intervals. Specifically, the data shows that the urban areas experienced growth of 1.34%, 1.62%, 1.98%, and 4.54% during the time periods of 1993–2003, 2003–2013, 2013–2023, and 1993–2023, respectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: GIS, remote sensing, change detection, LULC
  topic: keywords
creator: Moamin Abdulkareem Hanoon
creator: Hussein Sabah Jaber
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 27
ending page: 42

Urban Resilience as a Strategic Entry Point for Post-War Reconstruction of Heritage Cities: The Case of Al-Jami’a Neighborhood in Old Mosul
type: item
description: Heritage cities affected by armed conflict face multifaceted challenges in their reconstruction processes that go beyond the physical dimension, encompassing social, functional, and cultural aspects. These complex conditions call for innovative planning frameworks that can adequately address such contexts. This study focuses on the historic urban fabric of Old Mosul, specifically Al-Jami’a Neighborhood, as a representative case of a war-torn heritage area that suffers from a lack of a flexible and context-sensitive reconstruction vision. The research hypothesizes that adopting urban resilience principles can significantly enhance the pace and quality of reconstruction, particularly in culturally significant environments. The study aims to analyze the relationship between urban resilience indicators and post-conflict reconstruction strategies by developing a theoretical framework derived from an extensive literature review, and then operationalizing these indicators through a structured field survey conducted with selected experts in urban planning and disaster risk management. A descriptive-comparative method was employed to link resilience concepts with the disaster management cycle (mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery). The findings reveal a clear institutional and strategic gap in integrating resilience into reconstruction frameworks, despite high professional awareness of the concept’s value. The study offers a preliminary framework that can guide reconstruction in similar post-conflict urban settings and proposes targeted recommendations for embedding resilience-based approaches in urban policies, particularly those concerning heritage preservation and sustainable urban recovery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urban Resilience, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Old Mosul, Heritage Areas, Disaster Management, Al-Jami’a Neighborhood.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mais Daoud Najam Salman
creator: Amer Shakir Alkinani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 26

The urban landscape supporting psychological restoration A case study of the University of Baghdad-
type: item
description: The relationship between humans and nature has been deeply rooted since ancient times, embodying the concept of Biophilia—the innate affinity towards nature. The presence of restorative landscape features and restorative experiences of natural elements offers opportunities for relaxation and recovery from stress. This paper aims to explore the concepts and approaches that enhance the restorative urban landscape and the experience of psychological restoration. It draws on theoretical foundations from the literature to frame the research problem, aligning with attention restoration theory (ART) scales. The study hypothesizes that restorative landscape elements within the built environment can support the experience of psychological restoration. The theoretical framework of restoration is examined based on the Attention Restoration Theory (ART) scales by assessing the experiences of University of Baghdad occupants—including a sample of faculty members and students—through a questionnaire designed to capture user perceptions. The study employs a five-point Likert scale and statistical analysis using SPSS software. The findings indicate the potential of the University of Baghdad’s environment to facilitate psychological restoration, as most respondents reported a strong sense of restoration and mental recovery. Among the restorative landscape preferences, tree-lined pathways at the university's main entrance received the highest rating.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychological restoration, landscape architecture design, biophilia and restoration, and restorative experience environments.
  topic: keywords
creator: Yasmine Yasmine Haki Hassan Al-Beag
creator: Inaam Amin Mohammed Al-Bazzaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 178
ending page: 205

The impact of decentralization in reducing the spatial development gap (Social Fund for Development projects) In Babylon Governorate
type: item
description: The research aims to give decentralised planning a more influential role for economic life and social development by enhancing the participation of the local community in the development process and achieving the exploitation of the local population in making development decisions and identifying priorities and needs according to the development gap. The Social Fund for Development is one of the decentralisation methods adopted by the Ministry of Planning through which development projects are prioritised according to the spatial gap with the participation of the local community. The aim is to promote rural settlements and improve the quality of life for the population by reducing the development gap and achieving a spatial balance of development to enhance the stability of rural communities. The research found that spatial decentralisation is critical for prioritising development projects according to the spatial gap of development and enhancing the confidence of local communities, especially in the remote rural settlements of Babylon Governorate. The SFD experience succeeded in prioritising development projects for areas that suffer from a spatial gap but did not meet the requirements of the development process due to low allocations. The study recommended that this experience should be reflected in various development projects that directly affect the population and meet their service needs and life aspirations by using technology to prioritise projects and elect members of community committees.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Development, spatial development gap, decentralisation, social fund
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Mohammed Al Shamari
creator: Kareem Hassan Alwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 155
ending page: 177

Housing deprivation: A Comparative Analytical Study
type: item
description: Housing deprivation is an important issue that directly affects human well-being and quality of life. Access to adequate housing is a basic necessity, as recognized by many international organizations such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Despite this, many families still struggle with inadequate housing conditions, which contributes to widening social and economic disparities. Research Problem: The study addresses the unclear understanding of the causes and factors of housing deprivation. Research Objective: This research aims to assess the levels of housing deprivation and identify the main social, economic, and urban factors that contribute to this issue. To achieve this goal, the study focuses on two neighborhoods in Baghdad: Al-Shu ’la (Neighborhood 454) and Al-Allam (Neighborhood 837). The research is based on the hypothesis that different social, economic, and urban factors influence housing deprivation. These factors can be categorized into severe deprivation (such as the inability to own a home) and moderate deprivation (related to housing conditions and access to basic services). A structured methodology was applied, including a survey-based approach with a questionnaire designed to assess objective and subjective indicators of housing deprivation. Data were analyzed using a Likert scale and Mann-Whitney test to compare levels of deprivation between the two neighborhoods. Key findings: -Severe deprivation: The study found that 54% of households in Al Shu ‘la and 44.8% in Al Allam lacked home ownership. -Housing affordability: In Al Allam, rent constitutes 32% of average monthly income, while in Al Shu ‘la, it constitutes 27%. -Housing price-to-income ratio: Housing costs in Al Allam City are 16.5 times the annual income, while in Al Shu ‘la it is 9.1 times. -Moderate deprivation: In Al Allam: Key challenges include housing maintenance, healthcare, education, recreational services, and acce…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: housing deprivation, subjective indicators, objective indicators, Likert scale, Mann-Whitney test.
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahraa Mohamad Ali
creator: Jamal B. Motlak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 130
ending page: 154

The impact of high-rise residential towers on urban structure
type: item
description: High-rise residential towers are of interest to investors in modern trends of architectural projects, as they are characterized by their ability to provide residential spaces in cities, especially those characterized by high population densities compared to the area, as high-rise towers combine modern architectural investment trends and planning challenges facing the city. In light of the planning challenges, high-rise residential towers face several challenges as a result of the high population densities in them, the most prominent of which are environmental challenges, as the towers affect the environment and the infrastructure, especially transportation, as interest in developing the infrastructure, especially transportation, is an important and simultaneous axis with planning for residential towers, as it is necessary to provide a transportation network that provides ease of movement and reduces the pressure of residents on the infrastructure in a manner that is consistent with their daily movement to reach workplaces and events. On the other hand, high-rise residential towers require in their planning to find a balanced rhythm between the urban structure and the identity of the place. High-rise residential towers provide investment opportunities if they are carried out according to a well-thought-out urban plan, taking into account the planning challenges associated with the infrastructure and the environment in a manner that ensures the quality of life for residents. In this research, the spotlight was shed on the most prominent international experiences as inspiring models, combining architectural innovation and urban planning for the purpose of achieving the goals of residential towers to benefit from the exploitation of the least area in light of taking into account planning challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: High-rise buildings, residential towers, planning challenges for high-rise buildings, investment projects.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rusul Faris Hussain
creator: Falah Falah Mahdi Hadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 109
ending page: 129

The role of groundwater in the development of human settlements in semi- desert areas (Ain Al-Tamr district as a case study)
type: item
description: The research addressed the importance of groundwater in the development and stability of human settlements in semi-arid zones. Ain al-Tamr district in Karbala governorate was chosen as a model for this, as the excessive exploitation of groundwater without sustainable alternatives directly threatens the stability of Ain al-Tamr district, as this source has a significant impact on the stability of the district, in addition to the need for optimal exploitation of groundwater in establishing projects in agricultural, industrial, tourism and domestic activities. The study also recommended the use of new irrigation methods such as pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, and the use of appropriate groundwater management practices in the district and their sustainability to meet the challenges of water scarcity and the sustainability of this vital resource over time. Groundwater must be managed sustainably, because unsustainable reliance on it will directly threaten the social and economic stability of the region. The study also addressed the concept of sustainable development and its goals, in addition to analyzing the most important natural and human factors affecting the establishment and development of human settlements. The study addressed the most important water sources in the district, namely groundwater as the only water source in the district, and ways to exploit it. It also emphasized the importance of raising community awareness to preserve this vital resource, which is the existential reason for the settlements, and improving the use of this water would enhance the stability of the Ain al-Tamr settlements.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Development, Sustainability, Groundwater, Human Settlements
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Abdulrazzaq Kadhim
creator: Moheb Kamel Al-Rawe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 83
ending page: 108

Rural Development Experiences to Improve Rural Settlement in Iraq (1951-2024)
type: item
description: The research primarily targeted Iraqi experiences in rural development to improve rural stability, as rural stability is a pivotal element in the progress of societies. Rural development plays an important role in achieving this stability by raising the standard of living, providing job opportunities, developing basic facilities, and supporting community participation. The research addressed the most prominent impacts of the Iraqi experience in the scope of rural development and rural stability. The research aims to identify the most prominent characteristics of the Iraqi experience and employ them within the framework of rural stability, study and analyze the developments that occurred in rural stability in Iraq during the period (1951-2024), and identify the factors influencing the development of rural stability. The research was based on the hypothesis that the Iraqi experience in achieving rural stability throughout the period (1951-2024) led to fundamental impacts on rural development patterns and the achievement of positive transformation of rural settlements. One of the most important conclusions achieved is the role of development projects and their contribution to rural development of rural settlements and providing them with public social services (health and education) and technical and economic services to serve the agricultural reality, while applying modern methods of water rationing (such as fixed and pivot sprinklers) that support the rural economy. One of the most important recommendations was the need to integrate irrigation projects, housing, and basic services into integrated plans to ensure rural stability and reduce migration.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Development, rural stability, rural development, modern villages, irrigation technologies.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rasha Qasim Luaibi
creator: Mustafa Abdul Jalil Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 56
ending page: 82

Application of Feng Shui Philosophy and Space Syntax Analysis to Improve the Quality of Urban Spaces A Case Study of Al-Ghazaliya Area in Baghdad
type: item
description: This research studies the impact of Feng Shui principles and place energy on public urban spaces, focusing on analyzing urban spaces in Al-Ghazaliya area in Baghdad city using spatial analysis techniques and DepthmapX 0.8.0 program. The research aims to link the results with the concepts of Feng Shui philosophy to improve the quality of life and enhance social interaction in the urban environment, as the research focuses on understanding the dynamics of the urban network through key indicators such as connectivity, integration, mean depth, and choice, in addition to analyzing the energy impact of these indicators according to the concepts of energy balance in Feng Shui. The research problem is that urban spaces in modern cities, including Al-Ghazaliya area in Baghdad, suffer from weak social interaction and low quality of life due to the design of public spaces that impede the flow of energy "Chi". Accordingly, the research hypothesis was formulated that it is possible to improve the quality of public spaces and increase social interaction in Al-Ghazaliya area in Baghdad by applying spatial analysis techniques and Feng Shui philosophy. Achieving energy balance in urban network design contributes to enhancing the flow of "Chi" energy. Therefore, the research aims at two main aspects: the first is to apply the Feng Shui philosophy to understand the impact of "Chi" energy balance on the quality of life in public spaces, and the second is to analyze urban spaces in Al-Ghazaliya area using space analysis techniques (Space Syntax) to evaluate the efficiency of the urban network. The results showed noticeable differences in the efficiency of the urban network, as some areas enjoy positive energy flow that enhances social interaction, while other areas suffer from energy stagnation due to weak communication and integration and high average depth. The results also emphasized the importance of improving the connection of peripheral areas to vital centers to reduce energy isol…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Feng Shui, Space Syntax, Quality of Urban Spaces, Energy Balance, Social Interaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Aisha Mohammed Abdulqader
creator: Amer Shaker Khader
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 19
ending page: 55

Extraction of Water Bodies Maps Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS Technique
type: item
description: The extraction of water bodies maps using remote sensing and GIS is a crucial aspect of environmental monitoring and management. Remote sensing technology, such as satellite imagery and aerial photography, allows for the collection of data on water bodies from a large spatial scale, while GIS enables the analysis and visualization of this data in a spatial context. This combination of technologies has revolutionized how water bodies are mapped and monitored, providing valuable information for a wide range of applications, including water resource management, environmental impact assessment, and disaster management. By using several techniques, such as unsupervised classification and the water index methods like normalized difference water index and the modified normalized difference water index for the study area for the investigation of the most efficient approach for extracting water body maps, these water bodies have significant impacts on climate dynamics, biodiversity, and human welfare. In this study, we employ two Sentinel-2 satellite pictures to make high-resolution maps of the Darbandikhan Dam lake surface water using remote sensing techniques and GIS with a spatial resolution of 10 meters. for the years 2017 and 2023. After using the methods to extract the area of water bodies and present the results of these methods on field areas, it became clear that the modified normalised difference water index (MNDWI) method is the most accurate in extracting maps for water bodies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: remote sensing; NDWI; water-body; Darbandikhan Dam Lake.
  topic: keywords
creator: Falah A. Muhammad
creator: Hussein Sabah Jaber
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 18

The impact of the green belt in obstruction air pollutants in the holy city of Karbala
type: item
description: The research was conducted in the Southern Green Belt Project within the center district of the holy city of Karbala to evaluate its environmental impact and efficiency in reducing air pollutants emitted from the industrial area adjacent to the study area. The pollution attenuation factor (Af ) was used to measure the effects of the green belt on impeding air pollutants. Measurements were taken every season from winter 2023 to Autumn 2024. The results showed that the best impedance of the green belt is when the wind speed increases in the Spring, as 7 out of 12 pollutants were impeded, and its efficiency decreased as the wind speed decreased. In general, The green belt demonstrated weak performance in impeding pollutants, As no significant differences were observed in pollutant concentrations due to the small width of the green belt, poor distribution of trees, and failure to follow scientific standards when selecting trees and planting sites. The study recommended increasing the width of the belt to 1000 meters and planting trees suitable for absorbing and blocking pollutants, and planting them in a way that helps curb air currents passing through the green belt.The research proposes to evaluate the efficiency of the Southern Green Belt Project implemented in Karbala Governorate and its role in obstructing some air pollutants and its effectiveness in improving the environmental reality of the center district.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green belt, disability factor, Karbala city, Air pollution.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaafar H. Al-Hamd
creator: Sada N. Jasim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-04-08
publication date: 2025-04-08
starting page: 203
ending page: 227

Humanizing Cities as a Tool to Enhance Community Participation
type: item
description: This research investigates the concept of humanizing cities as a key approach to fostering community engagement and enhancing the quality of life in urban settings, with Bismayah City in Iraq serving as a case research. The research addresses a core issue: the deficiency in social interaction and the lack of integration between infrastructure and community activities. It posits that applying the principles of humanizing cities can promote social cohesion and advance sustainable development.The study employed a comprehensive analytical methodology, including a review of theoretical literature, field data analysis, and comparisons with global experiences. It tackled challenges such as the shortage of green spaces, limited reliance on renewable energy sources, and insufficient integration between public transportation and infrastructure.The findings highlighted the importance of developing public spaces, promoting cultural activities, and implementing sustainable environmental solutions.The research provides practical recommendations, including activating public participation in decision-making, enhancing the sustainability of infrastructure, and improving the integration of various urban planning components. It provides a theoretical and practical framework that can be applied to similar projects in local and international contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Humanizing Cities, Urban Planning, Sustainable Development, Community Participation, Bismayah City, Quality of Life
  topic: keywords
creator: Noor Hassan Mahdi
creator: Ammar Khalil Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-04-08
publication date: 2025-04-08
starting page: 178
ending page: 202

Digital-Computational Design in Architecture and Urban Design
type: item
description: The Digital-computational design, considered as an evolution of the concept of computer-aided design (CAD), has witnessed remarkable development since its emergence in the 1960s. This development has improved the ability to explore complex design concepts and enhanced accuracy and creative freedom. Over time, digital-computational design has come to include multiple fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and mathematics, which has led to the application of its methods to architectural and urban design. The integration of digital design tools into architecture and urban design is the result of a long development process. The research here attempted to study the concepts of digital and computational in architecture and urban design, with an attempt to resolve the overlap between these two concepts and the concepts associated with them and their connection with architecture and urban design, with a study of the transformation in architectural theory towards digital-computational design and an attempt to trace the emergence of the concept historically by analyzing the stages in terms of the tool, thought and accompanying product by following an analytical methodology and critical review of various sources and a case study for good practice in Digital -Computational Architecture. The research concludes that we can distinguish two approaches to using the computer in architecture and urban design: first, those that use the computer as a tool to implement a certain idea is a digital technology, while second, those that use the computer to use its computational capabilities through the activities of deduction, induction, and abstraction to form a certain idea is a digital-computational process. Therefore, it is necessary to use the term digital-computational design and digital-computational architecture to indicate the future approach to architecture and urban design, which means using the computer and its computational capabilities as essential tools in the desig…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Computational-Digital Design, Computer-aided Architectural Design (CAAD), Post-Folding, Post-Guggenheim, Research by Design
  topic: keywords
creator: Maysaa Izyara Mohammed
creator: Amjad albadry
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-04-07
publication date: 2025-04-07
starting page: 128
ending page: 177

Stages development and updating of the master plan for the city of Baghdad by adopting spatial techniques
type: item
description: The master plan is a comprehensive plan works to organize the social and economic variables in the city, in addition to zoning and organizing the uses of the land for the next (20) - (30) years, which is the documentary and visual result of the planning process. The most prominent problems in the research are that the basic plans prepared for the city of Baghdad suffer from official and unofficial changes taking place in the uses of the land, especially the proposed development plan until 2030 updated by Khatib and Alami Company, contrary to what is stipulated in these plans, which may hinder the process of implementing these plans in the future. In order to reach the goal of the research, identifying the development of the city of Baghdad according to the basic plans and the changes that occur over time in the uses of the land contrary to what was planned. Under the assumption that the changes that occur in the uses of the land brought about by the basic plan lead to obstructing the implementation of this plan in the future. The descriptive analytical approach was relied upon to review the foundation plans since the first foundation plan in 1936, 1956, 1959, and 1973, for the city of Baghdad, all the way to the latest foundation plan produced by Khatib and Alami Company until the year (2030), using spatial techniques to identify the development of the foundation plans through Remote sensing of satellite images (and geographic information systems (G.I.S.)) and map production, for changes in informal and official land uses by the decision of the Supreme Committee for Foundation Design, which affect the proposals of the foundation plan. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are the changes that occurred (no matter how private they are from the general public or General by the state (not scientifically studied and does not have a comprehensive view of all uses, so such changes cause an imbalance in land uses and affect the implementatio…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Baghdad city , land uses, master plan, remote sensing , G.I.S
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashar Hussein Hamad
creator: Jama .Baqir Motlak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-04-07
publication date: 2025-04-07
starting page: 105
ending page: 127

Urban Strategic Planning issues in light of rapid growth and Fast Urbanization in Lebanon
type: item
description: Governance in emerging cities struggles in meeting people's expectations and requirements. Most international reports highlight the problem of service provision, guarantee and long-term sustainability. As cities and towns grow swiftly and irrevocably, they encounter resource and capacity constraints in managing the urbanization process. The experiences and strategic urban development plans in Lebanon have failed to meet the needs of people in the short and long term, which has prevented it from keeping pace with international developments and strategic planning approaches that are in line with the aspirations of any country. It has become necessary to identify obstacles to strategic planning that prevent significant progress in key areas. In addition to focusing on how to improve performance in order to get the desired results. This paper will discuss these complexities that contribute to the development of a comprehensive and participatory plan that effectively contributes to the management of urban growth and population expansion and securing the requirements of a decent sustainable living.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Governance – Urban Sprawl – Urbanization – Infrastructure – Urban Strategic planning
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamad H. Jichi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-04-07
publication date: 2025-04-07
starting page: 64
ending page: 104

The level of spatial justice in the distribution of social services for the Regional Development Program in Wasit province for the period (2011-2022)
type: item
description: This study aimed to evaluate the level of spatial justice in the distribution of social services for the Regional Development Program in Wasit Province 2011-2022 through the spatial distribution of the health and education sectors. In addition to the relationship between the allocations of the Regional Development Program and the elements of the service gap, population, area, and available agricultural potential. The Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve were used to measure the variation in the optimal distribution of services and represent it spatially using geographic information systems (GIS). The study revealed the clarity of decision-makers' reliance on the population factor in determining the size of investment allocations within the regional development program between the administrative units of the governorate. As for the division of allocations between service sectors within each administrative unit, it was not subject to a specific mechanism. In addition to weakness in considering service gaps, area, and agricultural potential when determining financial allocations. Therefore, a discrepancy emerged in the distribution of investment allocations, which was reflected in social services and the emergence of weakness in achieving spatial justice among the administrative units of Wasit Province.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Muntadher ali hwaidi
creator: Moheb Kamel AL-Rawe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-04-07
publication date: 2025-04-07
starting page: 43
ending page: 63

Accuracy Evaluation of Land Cover Classification Maps Using Remote Sensing and GIS. The Sea of Najaf-Iraq as a Case Study
type: item
description: Water scarcity is a growing concern, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Sea of Najaf in Iraq is one such region facing water scarcity, with the lake serving as a crucial water source for the local population. Remote sensing systems "RS" and geographic information systems "GIS" are important techniques for monitoring environmental and land cover changes. This paper focuses on Sentinel-2B imagery for surface water mapping in the Sea of Najaf and evaluating the performance of maximum likelihood (MLC) classification method. The study area encompasses Sea of Najaf and its immediate surroundings. Two images for Sentinel-2B one image on December,29, 2015 and December,29,2022, were used for training and validating the classification models. The MLC method was evaluated for surface water classification, with accuracy assessment results presented. The MLC method showed high accuracy in terms of overall accuracy and agreement with reference data over multiple years. Additionally, fluctuations in the surface area of Sea of Najaf, as observed from the classification maps, were analyzed. In 2015, the surface area was 74.36 square kilometers, which increased to 120.30 square kilometers in 2022. The fin, dings highlight the efficacy of the MLC method for surface water classification, indicating its superiority in accurately mapping and monitoring surface water in the Sea of Najaf.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Surface water, Sea of Najaf, RS, GIS, Sentinel-2B, MLC
  topic: keywords
creator: Iqbal Obaid Lafta
creator: Hussein Sabah Jaber
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-04-07
publication date: 2025-04-07
starting page: 21
ending page: 42

The effect of the spatial dimension on the creation of administrative units
type: item
description: The quality of human settlements varies depending on the regions, and they differ in their spatial characteristics in terms of their area, development potential, and natural resources, as well as the number of people living in them, as these characteristics differ from one place to another, from one region to another, and between urban and rural areas. There is a big difference between the level of capabilities, job opportunities, social services and infrastructure that qualifies it to create a stable and suitable place for living. It seeks to achieve spatial equality among its residents and provide job opportunities for them on the basis of the development resources and capabilities available in that region without depleting its capabilities and resources and in a way that achieves sustainability across generations through... Raise the economic and social level of its population. The establishment of administrative units must be in the light of measuring the spatial characteristics and indicators that fall on the planning tasks with the aim of reducing the gaps between the district and the district and studying the available resources that make a newly established administrative unit that raises the desired economic and social levels and meets the needs of the population within the spatial space, making it an administrative unit. Independent and capable of managing its tasks and resources optimally in proportion to the location and size of the population.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Region, Spatial Development, Spatial Dimension, the stables, regional planning.
  topic: keywords
creator: Haider Jassim Mohammed
creator: Mustafa Abdul Jalil Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-04-07
publication date: 2025-04-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 20

استخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS في تحديد كفاءة التوزيع المكاني للخدمات التعليمية في مدينة الناصرية
type: item
description: The educational services of the most important community events because of their significant impact in the life of the city and the community, as it represents the foundation on which are based upon the city in the development of civilization and Social Council through its role in the development of the scientific and cultural life of society, as the schools and different levels represent a base for education of the actor and excellence scientific and enable citizens to gain knowledge about contemporary issues such as sustainable development and affairs of life, and contribute to educational institutions to instill noble values ​​in society and building its capacity to be effective in an integrated framework of sustainable educational development and contribute to the recovery of social and economic life and health. And thus to be interest in good planning for land use in general, and educational services, in particular, and secure it according to the criteria adopted, in order to achieve maximum benefit from the lowest possible cost and effort. So interested in research to study and analyze the efficiency of the spatial distribution of educational services in the city of Nasiriyah, the adoption of GIS to identify kinks in the distribution, and how to address the basis of the planning standards, and the statement Malinzm geographical information from important and effective role in the study of urban planning and spatial distribution of appropriate educational institutions. And address the practical side of the reality of the spatial distribution of educational institutions in the city of Nasiriyah statement and the case of spatial imbalance in most sectors of the city. And adoption of standards affected both the distance access and population density in the analysis of the signing spatial educational services in the city, and the study of those standards and research found to suggest suitable locations within the sectors of the city of Nasiriyah to address the imba…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: علي ارزيج السعيدي
creator: حسن عبد الحسين جعفر الحسيني
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2014-05-28
publication date: 2014-05-28
starting page: 225
ending page: 241

قياس العدالة في التوزيع المكاني للاستثمارات التنموية لبرنامج تنمية الأقاليم في محافظة واسط
type: item
description: In order to evaluate the range of achieving justice in spatial distribution for the investment of the Regions development program in wasit province. The research depends on the quantitative analysis by using (Gini coefficient) and (Lorenz curve). To measure the disparity and the optimal allocation of investments through the comparison between the percentage of allocation investment development programs province in the basic service sectors (municipal, sewage, water .roads and education) and between the three components of (population, area and level and disability) in the provision of service. The most important findings of the research are the adoption of local authorities on the specific Factors such as population (the municipal sector, sewage, urban water) and urban land area in the program years 2006 – 2011. While research has shown a lack of interest by authorities of the two factor –rural land in the road sectors and rural water and the disability the provision of service in the (ruler water sector, roods and municipalities), which reflected in the variation of justice in determine the amount of investment allocutions between Qadhas and Nahia of the wasit province.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: عبد الغفور الاطرقجي
creator: صبيح لفتة فرحان الزبيدي
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2014-05-28
publication date: 2014-05-28

"An Analytical Study for Urban Gentrification on Local Urban Centers"
type: item
description: The urban Gentrification is an inclusive global phenomenon to restructure the cities on the overall levels, the research to propose a specific study about the concept of urban Gentrification in the cities and showcasing its, specifications, and results, and how to deal with the variables that occur on cities through improvements as part of urban renewal projects, then the general axis of the research is shrinked, choosing the urban centers as the most important areas that deal with the urban Gentrification process due to its direct connection with indivisuals and social changes, and to process the specific axis of the research theses and studies will be showcased that discuss the topic in different research directions, and emerged the research problem in “Lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding the importance of urban Gentrification in developing the urban city centers in general and the speciality of local needs specifically” and the research goal based on that is “Studying and clarifying the urban Gentrification as an integrated process in developing the urban city centers generally and reviving its neighborhoods specifically”, and building a theortical inclusive frame regarding the urban Gentrification concept in urban centers as an integrated process that includes a group of levels, specifications, and mechanisms, the research bases its goals and processing the research problem to a main hypothesis, that is “The urban Gentrification process in urban centers is achieved by achieving its Diffrents Levels, Economic, social, environmental and cultural.” For the purpose of checking the authenticity of the hypothesis the urban center of Al-Battaween have been elected and tested using the method of surveys given to sample of elected people (specialized in the field) and then the positive effects of the urban Gentrification process were detected, and how it effects on a group of visual features and urban activities within the urban centers specifically and within the …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urban Gentrification,Urban City Centers,Urban Renewal,Activating residential centers.
  topic: keywords
creator: Noor Mokhles Ibrahim
creator: Mufeed ehsan shok
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2020-06-01
publication date: 2020-06-01
starting page: 139
ending page: 166

"تأثير استعمالات الأرض الحضرية في البنية الاجتماعية للمدن"" منطقة الدراسة: قضاء الصدر/2 في مدينة الصدر"
type: item
description: The concept of research represented in explain the importance and effect of the urban land use planning for the cities on the nature of social structure for the communities of these cities . After study both of urban land use planning and how it effects on the social structure , we determined a number of important indicators and applied them on the study area (Al-Sadder district /2) and , it has been clear , how the urban land use planning of study area effects on the social interaction between its residents . and how that caused in a spatial relationships that become deeper by time , and acquires them their social characteristics which will determine their cultural and social identity , and this make the planning be better and the urban life more suitable .
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: أ.م.د. مهيب كامل فليح
creator: عادل كريم هامل
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2018-02-25
publication date: 2018-02-25
starting page: 39
ending page: 62

Evaluating the Spatial Distribution of The Green Area in Diwaniyah City by using geographic information systems (Case study: The Second District)
type: item
description: the success of any city and integration of function in fulfilling its various functions which primarily depend on the efficiency of the Spatial Distribution of The Green Area. By the efficiency of the Spatial Distribution of The Green Area will send the service for all people that lived in the city. Cities in the developed countries had long realized the crucial importance of parks as a major arenue for relaxation , education , and entertainment ; in addition to their benefits as Environmentally. The all Kinds of green area should be placed among the primary goals of city planning and a major coneern in urban design . The Green Area are also a primary tool for the beautification of city landscape, And so the research has focused on describing the existing of the Spatial Distribution Of The Green Area in the study area (The Second District) , and efficiency of its by use the standards urban planning, standars ( area &amp; accessibility ),evaluation the efficiency from knowing the density and problems as existing , and analyized the service of the grean area in the Diwaniyah city . Therefore this research goes to describe and analyze the Spatial Distribution Of The Green Area in the study area (The Second District) Which is represent by the green area where the planning and the completion , based on the field study for the Second District(quarter $ district )grade ,The study took two lines: First: concern with study existing the Spatial Distribution of the Green Area including the all kind of green area where the planning and the completion. and service is represented by analysis of the results of the field study of the green area in study area that present by the efficiency the existing of the Spatial Distribution Of The Green Area by using standards of the urban planning( area standard &amp; accessibility standard) , and analyized the service zone for the green area planning and completion , so the analysis of the practical have percent of areas of the green area wh…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: ا.م.د. عامر شاكر الكناني
creator: حيدر حمزة نجم
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2018-02-25
publication date: 2018-02-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 38

Acceptable and Unacceptable Growth of Industrial Agglomeration in Urban Environment. Baghdad as Case Study.
type: item
description: Recent empirical studies of agglomeration economies indicate that economic, social and physical policies are the driving forces affecting spatial distribution of urban environment. Industrial agglomeration is influenced by agglomeration growth and spatial concentration and localization and Physical economics has a strong effect on increasing workers in the manufacturing sector. This paper will be focus in the effect of industrial growth spatially on industrial concentration to determine the trend and size of industrial localization. Census data for industrial employment are used in Location Quotient and Employment Multiplier Analysis. The findings indicate that concentration indicators for two types of industries, basic and non-basic industries in Baghdad are divided in four levels. The first, basic industries are concentrated and recorded an increase in concentration and an acceptable growth in employment. The second, basic industries recorded a decrease in concentration and an acceptable growth employment. The third, non-basic industries recorded an increase in concentration and an acceptable growth in employment. The fourth, non-basic industries are non-concentrated and recorded a decrease in concentration and an unacceptable growth in employment
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agglomeration growth,Industrial concentration,Agglomeration Multiplier,Employment Multiplier
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan J.Hamem
creator: Sadia K.Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2017-10-12
publication date: 2017-10-12
starting page: 1
ending page: 13